LIEB BLOG

Legal Analysts

Thursday, April 02, 2020

According to NYSAR - Real Estate Brokers Can Conduct Showings - What Are Your Business Ethics?

According to NYSAR, Empire State Development clarified that "[t]he following functions of real estate and/or realtors (sic) are considered essential: residential home and commercial office showings; home inspections; and residential appraisers."

Now that it's permissible, the question turns to whether real estate salespersons / associate brokers should be conducting showings?

This is the biggest ethical question for real estate brokers today.

Ironically, Lieb School is in the midst of creating a new CE course on ethical business practices, which is a required course for license renewal on and after 7/1/2021. We are now incorporating this situation into the course as a case study for our students to determine their own business ethics in real estate brokerage.

Unlike laws, business ethics refers to appropriate business practices on controversial subjects that are driven by moral concerns. Showing a house during the coronavirus pandemic is a practice that needs to be driven by your moral concerns.

When it comes to morals and values there is not a one size fits all answer to any question. This is the answer that I gave to a friend in response to his text requesting my take on the fact that "realtors were just declared essential services:"
It's not on the empire state development webpage so it's probably a responsive email to a clarification request from NYSAR. We got one today that my law firm can do in- person closings. That being said, we are trying to avoid them at all costs and have our office working remotely. It's good and bad that the clarification was issued. It's good that smart brokers are authorized to help people in need, but it unfortunately gives permission to the idiots in our industry to spread coronavirus and put their lives and the lives of others in jeopardy all for a dollar. I would not show a senior's house if they live there. I would not show an immunocompromised person's house if they live there. I would not do public open houses. I would limit my in-person contact to the extent necessary while always wearing PPE. If not for the business ethics that require it, at least for the fact that I refuse to bring coronavirus to my family. We will get through this, but we must be smart and pick health over money at each turn for money without health is useless. Stay safe my friend.
If you would like to further explore this topic, we have a special guest on our radio show this Sunday at noon on WRCN (FM 103.9) - www.listentolieb.com - iheart.com (LI News Radio).

Stay safe my friends.



Wednesday, April 01, 2020

LIEB Permitted to Close Real Estate Deals by NYS

On April 2, 2020 we received word from NYS Empire State Development that "[r]eal estate law practices are deemed essential if it is necessary to be in-person to do the work."

LIEB can close your deals in-person. 

Make no mistake, we are a leader in remote closings, but sometimes lenders and title underwriters won't permit such a closing and we have been struggling to find a solution. So, rather than guessing, we made request of the Empire State Development to tell us. This is something every business must do before acting because the penalties are outrageous for non-compliance

We just got our answer and we are already scheduling closings. 

Some people might say that this is a terrible move for a public health advocate. However, my favorite professor during my Master's program taught me to never ignore any of the dimensions of health while only focusing on physical health. Yes, the physical dimension is important. Yet, one can never ignore the spiritual, emotional, social and mental dimensions as well. To that end, there are people who need to close their real estate deal to be healthy. They may be living in limbo with no place to go, there can be financial stress of continued home ownership, there could be too many people occupying one space, or a plethora of other reasons that a closing is necessary.

Remember not to judge someone else's circumstances. 

We will be sure to keep social distance and avoid any gatherings to never forget the physical health needs of our team, our clients and ever other individual who is involved in our closing process.




It's Fair Housing Month - Coronavirus Discrimination Must Stop

Equal rights to housing is particularly important during this quarantine. 

A quarantine can be a very different experience dependent on your housing situation. Some people are sharing a bathroom with ten others while others are navigating between their indoor pool and their gym. Some have country homes to escape the city while others must walk stairwells infested with COVID-19. This is our current reality as a society. 

Make no mistake, in our capitalist society these differences should not only be accepted, but celebrated. Yet, these differences can only be caused by economic differences, not based upon the way we stigmatize people as a result of their demographic characteristics. 

Unfortunately, not everyone is observing the law today. According to the CDC, "fear and anxiety about a disease can lead to social stigma toward people, places, or things." In fact, the CDC has identified individuals of "Asian descent" as the current victims of stigma during the coronavirus pandemic. Let's change that starting today. 

Today is the start of Fair Housing Month. According to HUD, Fair Housing Month is a time to come together "as a community and a nation to celebrate the anniversary of the passing of the Fair Housing Act and recommit to that goal which inspired us in the aftermath of Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr’s assassination in 1968: to eliminate housing discrimination and create equal opportunity in every community.”

We should do it. We can do it. We must do it.


Tuesday, March 31, 2020

Executing a New Will While in Quarantine? Avoid Will Deals That Seem too Good to be True

COVID-19 uncertainty is causing many people to rethink their wills and advanced directives.

With the acceptance of video notarization, which we blogged about HERE, many attorneys are advertising remote will execution ceremonies that remove the traditional requirement that the testator execute their will in a room with two witnesses and an attorney. The seeming ease of a remote will execution has caused a race to the bottom as attorneys compete on price for business. Things have gotten so desperate that I've seen an attorney advertise a will for $100.00. Is it too good to be true?

While the availability of remote notarization does make remote will execution ceremonies possible, it is important not to forget the fundamental requirements of a will signing. If your will is rejected by the Surrogate's Court because you failed to conform to the requirements of EPTL §3-2.1 all of your estate planning and forward thinking may have been for nothing. Avoid the nightmare scenario of your well-intentioned plans falling apart. 

The following is a list of some considerations which your attorney should be addressing when deciding how they are going to conduct a remote will execution ceremony:
    1. Your attorney must draft a will that conforms to your intentions.
    2. You must execute your will in the presence of two witnesses, or your signature must be acknowledged to the witnesses after it has already been affixed. Your remote execution procedure must qualify as "in the presence of". 
    3. Your witnesses must sign the will itself within thirty days of one another. 
    4. Your witnesses should sign affidavits attesting to the proper execution of your will. 
    5. Your attorney should sign an attorney draftsman's affidavit. 
    6. Your witnesses' affidavits should be notarized, and your attorney draftsman's affidavit should be notarized. 
    7. Your original signature, the witnesses' original signatures, the attorney draftsman's original signature, and the notary's original signatures should all be combined into one original document which can be presented for probate. 

If you think your attorney can do all of that for $100.00, it's probably too good to be true.


Covered Employers Must Comply With the WARN Act Prior to Laying off Employees

Employers contemplating reductions in force as a result of the Coronavirus must consider the applicable Federal and State laws prior to effectuating any layoffs, including but not limited to the WARN Act, to avoid substantial penalties.

The New York WARN ("Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act") Act is not suspended during the Coronavirus. Rather, the notice must be distributed, as detailed below, as soon as possible under the circumstances (as opposed to the regular 90 day notice requirement). Failure to provide such notice may result in the employer being required to pay back wages and/or the imposition of civil penalties.

When does the WARN Act apply?:

The New York WARN Act (which is more stringent than the Federal law) covers employers with 50 or more employees under the following circumstances:
  • Plant or unit closing affecting 25 or more workers;
  • Mass layoff of 25 or more full-time workers if the workers comprise of at least 33% of all workers at the physical site;
  • Mass layoff of 250 or more full-time workers; and
  • Certain other reductions of employees' work hours.

Notice

The WARN Act requires ninety (90) day notice of a mass layoff or plant closing to:
  • Affected employees;
  • New York State Department of Labor;
  • Employee/Union Representatives; and
  • The Local Workforce Investment Board.
The notice must include the following:
  • Name/address where plant closing or mass layoff is to occur;
  • Explanation as to whether the employment loss will be permanent or temporary;
  • Expected date of scheduled layoff(s);
  • Affected positions and number of affected employees in each position;
  • Name(s) of applicable union/employee representatives; and
  • Contact information of company representative who can provide additional information.
Consult with your employment attorney to confirm the satisfaction of all of these requirements before implementing layoffs.


Monday, March 30, 2020

Protect Your Family with an Updated Will

Podcast | Tax Strategies and Coronavirus

Saturday, March 28, 2020

Evictions Stopped Under Coronavirus Stimulus - CARES Act

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security or “CARES” Act was enacted into law on March 27, 2020. In addition to the relief enumerated in two of our recent articles (Nuts & Bolts of Stimulus Package - House Passes 2 Trillion Dollar Stimulus Package and Forbearance and Foreclosure Moratorium in Coronavirus Stimulus), the CARES Act also provides relief to residential tenants.

Under the CARES Act, from March 27, 2020 to July 25, 2020, landlords of 1- to 4-family and multifamily (5 or more) properties with FHA, Fannie Mae, or Freddie Mac mortgage loans may NOT:
  • Initiate a legal action to recover possession based on nonpayment of rent or other fees or charges;
  • Charge fees, penalties or other charges related to the nonpayment of rent;
  • Require the tenant to vacate with less than 30-days’ notice; and
  • Issue the 30-day notice to vacate until after July 25, 2020.
In addition, landlords who obtain a forbearance on their multifamily mortgage due to a financial hardship caused by the COVID-19 outbreak are prohibited from doing the above before their forbearance period expires.

Forbearance and Foreclosure Freeze in Coronavirus Stimulus

On March 27, 2020, the historic stimulus package known as the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security or “CARES” Act was enacted into law.

In addition to the relief enumerated in our recent blog (Nuts & Bolts of Stimulus Package - House Passes 2 Trillion Dollar Stimulus Package), the CARES Act also includes mortgage relief in the form of forbearance periods and foreclosure moratoriums for federally backed mortgages on 1-4 family homes and multifamily (5 or more) homes.

Which mortgages are covered?
  • Federally backed mortgage loans secured by a first or subordinate lien on residential real property (including individual units of condominiums and cooperatives) for 1- to 4-families and for on multifamily residential real property (5 or more dwelling units) are covered, these include loans:
  • insured by the Federal Housing Administration;
  • insured under section 255 of the National Housing Act;
  • guaranteed under section 184 or 184A of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1992;
  • guaranteed or insured by the Department of Veterans Affairs;
  • guaranteed or insured by the Department of Agriculture;
  • made by the Department of Agriculture; or
  • purchased or securitized by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac) or Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae).


What relief is available? 
For 1-4 family properties:
  • Forbearance period of 180 days, which may be extended for an additional 180 days, upon the borrower’s request;
  • No late fees, interest, or penalties during the forbearance period beyond those scheduled or calculated as if borrower is current on the mortgage; and
  • Foreclosure moratorium – servicers are prohibited from moving for a foreclosure judgment or order of sale, or execute a foreclosure-related eviction from March 18, 2020 to May 17, 2020;
For multifamily properties
  • Forbearance period of 30 days, which may be extended for up to 2 additional 30-day periods, upon the borrower’s request. Note that the forbearance is only applicable to multifamily mortgage loans that were current on payments as of February 1, 2020. Also, tenants may not be evicted nor issued a notice to vacate for nonpayment or late payment of rent during the forbearance period.
  • Foreclosure moratorium: servicers are prohibited from moving for a foreclosure judgment or order of sale, or execute a foreclosure-related eviction from March 18, 2020 to May 17, 2020. 


What is the process for requesting a forbearance?
  • For 1-4 family properties: Requests for a forbearance may be made by submitting a borrower’s attestation to a financial hardship caused by the COVID-19 emergency. No other documentation is required for the initial 180-day forbearance to be granted.
  • For multifamily properties: Requests for a forbearance may be submitted to the servicer orally or in writing, through an affirmation that the multifamily borrower is experiencing a financial hardship during the COVID-19 emergency.

Friday, March 27, 2020

Nuts & Bolts of Stimulus Package - House Passes 2 Trillion Dollar Stimulus Package

The House passed the Senate's massive stimulus package today, paving the way for the President to sign the bill into law.

The bill includes the following:
  • Tax free payments to individuals of up to $1,200; $2,400 for married couples and additional $500 for children under the age of 16. Amount of payments are dependent on adjusted gross income. No eligibility if:
    • Individuals earning $99,000 or more
    • Married couples earning $198,000 or more;
  • Employees will be entitled to an additional $600 of weekly unemployment benefits in addition to the amount they are entitled to from their State. Part-time employees and independent contractors, even if not covered under their State law, will be entitled to these federal payments, as well;
  • $377 billion in loans and grants for small businesses;
  • $500 billion in loans for struggling businesses;
  • $150 billion for hospitals treating coronavirus patients;
  • Defers student loan payments for six (6) months; waives interest;
  • Foreclosures and evictions are stayed where mortgages are backed by the federal government.


No More Construction - Essential Service Guidance Updated

On March 27, 2020 at 11AM, Empire State Development refined the definition of essential businesses or entities in NYS as to construction, as follows:
All non-essential construction must shut down except emergency construction, (e.g. a project necessary to protect health and safety of the occupants, or to continue a project if it would be unsafe to allow to remain undone until it is safe to shut the site). 
Essential construction may continue and includes roads, bridges, transit facilities, utilities, hospitals or health care facilities, affordable housing, and homeless shelters. At every site, if essential or emergency non-essential construction, this includes maintaining social distance, including for purposes of elevators/meals/entry and exit. Sites that cannot maintain distance and safety best practices must close and enforcement will be provided by the state in coordination with the city/local governments. This will include fines of up to $10,000 per violation. 
For purposes of this section construction work does not include a single worker, who is the sole employee/worker on a job site.
Be warned.


Penalties for Keeping Your Real Estate Opened in Coronavirus Expanded

By Executive Order 202.11, Governor Cuomo enacted new penalties, in addition to what we discussed in our blog - What Happens When You Ignore the Essential Services Executive Order, if you keep your real estate open in violation of an Executive Order.

The new penalty order states as follows:
During the period when an Executive Order limiting operation of a type of facility or limiting the number of persons who may occupy any space is in effect, any operation of such a facility or occupancy of any such space by more than the number of persons allowed by said Executive Order shall be deemed to be a violation of law and in particular, but not by way of limitation, shall be deemed to be a violation of the Uniform Code or other local building code in effect in the jurisdiction in which the facility or space is located. In the event of any such violation, any state, county, or local police officer authorized to enforce laws within the jurisdiction in which the space or facility is located is authorized to remove persons from such space or facility. In addition, in the event of such violation, any state, county, or local code enforcement official or fire marshal authorized to enforce the Uniform Code or other local building code within the jurisdiction in which the facility or space is located is authorized to issue an appearance ticket, a Notice of Violation, an Order to Remedy such violation, which shall require immediate compliance, and/or a Do Not Occupy Order to any owner, operator, or occupant of any such facility or space. Nothing in this provision shall limit the authority of any governmental unit or agency to take such other and/or additional enforcement actions to the extent necessary to ensure compliance with such occupancy-related directives or facility operation-related directives.
 As such, here is your exposure:

  • Charge of "violation of law"
  • Charge of "violation of the Uniform Code or other local building code"
  • Removal by police
  • Receipt of an appearance ticket, Notice of Violation, and/or Order to Remedy
  • Receipt of a Do Not Occupy Order to the "owner, operator, or occupant of any such facility or space"
Oh, by the way, you are KILLING people. So, stop it and close when you are ordered to close.

The end.


Real Estate Brokerage / Salesperson License Renewal Extended

By way of Executive Order 202.11, licensees "time to renew a license" has been extended "to the 30th day following the expiration of this Executive Order."

This Executive Order expires on April 26, 2020 and as such renewal is extended to May 26, 2020 for real estate brokers and salespersons.




Podcast | NY Court System is Archaic | Modernization Needed ASAP

Attention Governor Cuomo the court system needs your leadership. We need e-signature protocols, e-notarization rules, servers, virtual meetings, and so much more. It’s time to modernize the legal industry and revamp the economy for both the state and businesses alike. As a true leader, you can transform the Coronavirus shutdown from a negative into a blue ocean opportunity for New York State.

Listen to our podcast here 


Thursday, March 26, 2020

Podcast | Creative Lease Workout Options

Latest Podcast - Sharing creative lease solutions for commercial landlords and tenants who have lost revenue from coronavirus.

Click here to listen to podcast


Wednesday, March 25, 2020

Podcast | Foreclosure Avoidance Through Forbearance Negotiations

Businesses devastated by quarantine should proactively negotiate forbearances with their lenders to avoid foreclosure and monetary judgments.

Click here to listen to the Podcast


NYS 90-Day Mortgage Relief Plan – DFS Regulation Issued

On March 24, 2020, the details of NYS’ COVID-19 mortgage help came to light.

Specifically, the New York State Department of Financial Services promulgated 3 NYCRR 119 in response to Governor Cuomo’s Executive Order 202.9.

Here is a Q&A about the details

What is the COVID-19 Relief Program?
The COVID-19 Relief Program requires DFS regulated institutions to make applications for a 90-day forbearance of any payment due on a residential mortgage of New York Property to individuals residing in New York and who demonstrates financial hardship as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

How long is the Program effective?
The Program shall be in effect until June 19, 2020, but may be extended if necessary.

Are mortgage payments waived under the Program?
The Program does not expressly require institutions to waive mortgage payments.

When can a borrower apply for the Program?
On or before April 3, 2020, regulated institutions are required to e-mail, publish on their website, mass mail, or broadly communicate to customers how to apply for COVID-19 relief and provide their contact information.

Which institutions are covered under the Program?
DFS-regulated institutions are covered under the Program. They are New York regulated banking organizations covered by the New York Banking Law and all New York regulated mortgage servicers regulated by DFS. This means that the program does not cover National Association lenders (federally charted banks). The Program does not apply to mortgage loans made, insured, or securitized by the United States, Government Sponsored Enterprise, Federal Home Loan Bank, and lenders, issuers, servicers or trustees of such loans, as well as, servicers for the Government National Mortgage Associations.

Does the Program cover commercial loans?
The Program does not apply to any commercial mortgage or other loans not described in 3 NYCRR 119.

Aside from a 90-day forbearance, is there additional relief available under the Program?
From today until June 19, 2020, or until extended, lenders will provide the following relief to individuals who experience financial hardship from COVID-19:
  • Waive fees for use of automated teller machines (ATMs);
  • Waive overdraft fees; and
  • Waive credit card late payment fees.
Institutions are not limited to offering the above types of relief and are encouraged to take additional reasonable and prudent actions to COVID-19 affected individuals.

Who is qualified to receive COVID-19 relief?
Regulated institutions must develop their own clear, easy to understand, and reasonably tailored criteria for assessing qualified individuals. The qualifications and process for applying for relief should be published by institutions on or before April 3, 2020.

How are applications processed under the Program?
Regulated institutions are required to develop and implement procedures for expedited processing where they must process and respond to requests immediately and no later than 10 days of receipt of all information reasonably required to process the application. All determinations must be communicated to the applicant in writing and must explain the reasons if the application was denied and a statement that the applicant may file a complaint with DFS if he believes the application was wrongly denied.

Is the Program ready to launch?
More clarity concerning the Program is expected once regulated institutions have published their process for applying for relief. Individuals who are seeking mortgage assistance as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic are encouraged retain counsel as soon as possible to negotiate with their mortgage lenders or servicers. Don’t assume you qualify and get all terms in writing before you stop making mortgage payments.



Tuesday, March 24, 2020

Title Examination, GAP Insurance, and Recorded Deeds - Closing Title in a Quarantined World

As of March 24, 2020, both the Nassau County and Suffolk County Clerks have suspended in-person access to their offices. As previously reported on our blog, the Chief Administrative Judge of the Courts has ordered that county clerks shall no longer accept any filings, electronic or otherwise. It's still an open question whether this precludes the electronic recording of documents, but there is no doubt that title insurance is a whole lot more complicated right now.

How will your title insurer examine title and issue a policy if they cannot pull non-electronic records? While some clerks have a more robust electronic system than others, can title insurers be confident that the records are up to date given limited staffing and restrictions on filing?

What about the period between closing of title and the recording of your deed? It has always been theoretically (and unfortunately in some instances, actually possible) for a grantor to encumber title to the property you just bought after your title insurer had already performed its search, cleared for closing, and locked in its policy. If there is an even further extended period between closing and recording due to coronavirus closures, it is more vital than ever to ensure that you are protected against these unseen encumbrances.

Traditionally this "GAP Period" requires a special endorsement that protects the purchaser against encumbrances that occur after closing but before the deed is recorded, but will title insurers be willing to insure such an unknown and potentially length time period?

If you are closing in the next few weeks, make sure your attorney has all these questions answered.


What Happens When You Ignore the Essential Services Executive Order

Beyond injuring others and being a terrible person, have you looked-up the exposure for violating Executive Order 202.8.

To remind you, 202.8 is what provides, in pertinent part, that "[e]ach employer shall reduce the in-person workforce at any work locations by 100% no later than March 22 at 8 p.m."

As to exposure for violating 202.8, it provides that "[a]ny business violating the above order shall be subject to enforcement as if this were a violation of an order pursuant to section 12 of the Public Health Law." Then, section 12 of the Public Health Law provides for "a civil penalty of not to exceed two thousand dollars for every such violation" for the first violation and a penalty "not to exceed five thousand dollars for a subsequent violation." However, if your violation "results in serious physical harm to any patient or patients, the penalty is "not to exceed ten thousand dollars."

So, if you infect someone, you are getting charged with a $10K penalty per violation.

Oh, by the way, the State can also get an injunction against your continued violations and potentially shut down your business, remote or otherwise, with that injunction.

Don't be crazy and ignore the order. Instead, if you believe you are essential, apply for a designation here.






Coronavirus in Your Multi-Family / Commercial Building

If you learn that someone is infected with Coronavirus in a unit, do not notify other tenants or conduct cleaning.

Instead, contact your local (County / City) and follow their guidance. Do nothing else.

You are ill-equipped to create a protocol and may further injure your tenants by acting imprudently.

There are privacy concerns, cleanliness concerns, isolation concerns, testing concerns and the like.

Therefore, if you learn of a positive diagnosis in your property, contact your local health department and follow their guidance.


Federal Courts Remain Open Amid the Coronavirus Outbreak

While New York State Courts are currently not permitting individuals or businesses to commence new matters (with extremely limited exceptions), federal courts (Eastern District of New York and Southern District of New York) remain open. Individuals or businesses can, thus, still file new cases in federal court.

Potential causes of action that can be filed in federal court include, but are not limited to:

  • Wage and Hour claims pursuant to the Fair Labor Standards act for unpaid wages, overtime, etc.;
  • Bankruptcy petitions; 
  • Discrimination/Retaliation claims under Title VII (race, age, sex, religion, disability etc.);
  • Interference with rights under the Family Medical Leave Act.

Monday, March 23, 2020

NYS Mortgage Relief Plan – Guidance from DFS

Following Governor Cuomo’s announcement on a 90-day mortgage relief plan for borrowers affected by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), the New York State Department of Financial Services (DFS) issued Guidance to regulated financial institutions concerning its implementation. The Guidance urges all regulated financial institutions to do their part in curtailing the effects of COVID-19 on consumers and small businesses by:
  • Waiving overdraft fees;
  • Providing new loans on favorable terms;
  • Waiving late fees for credit card and other loan balances;
  • Waiving automated teller machine (ATM) fees;
  • Increasing ATM daily cash withdrawal limits;
  • Waiving early withdrawal penalties on time deposits;
  • Increasing credit card limits for creditworthy customers;
  • Offering payment accommodations, such as allowing loan customers to defer payments at no cost, extending the payment due dates or otherwise adjusting or altering terms of existing loans, which would avoid delinquencies, triggering events of default or similar adverse consequences, and negative credit agency reporting caused by COVID-19 related disruptions;
  • Ensuring that consumers and small businesses do not experience a disruption of service if financial institutions close their offices, including making available other avenues for consumers and businesses to continue to manage their accounts and to make inquiries;
  • Alerting customers to the heightened risk of scams and price gouging during the COVID-19 disruptions, and reminding customers to contact their financial institutions before entering into unsolicited financial assistance programs; and
  • Proactively reaching out to customers via app announcements, text, email or otherwise to explain the above-listed assistance being offered to customers.

Regulated financial institutions are also urged “to work with and provide accommodations to their borrowers during this unprecedented global emergency to the extent reasonable and prudent.” This includes holding off on taking adverse action for defaults. Regulated financial institutions include mortgage bankers, mortgage loan servicers, banks and trust companies, among others. For a full list of DFS-regulated financial institutions, click HERE.

While the efforts of DFS and New York State are definitely acknowledged and appreciated, Borrowers should be aware that the Guidance is simply that, guidance. The Guidance does not legally require financial institutions to take the above-listed actions and only encourages them to do so.

Stay tuned for more updates from New York State and DFS as to specific procedures on the NYS mortgage relief plan.



County Clerks and Court Clerks Forbidden From Accepting Filings

The Chief Administrative Judge of the Courts has issued an order forbidding the filing of all non-essential papers in county clerks and court clerks. This order is statewide and will have far-reaching consequences.

The Order, a copy of which can be found HERE, states:

Pursuant to the authority vested in me, in light of the emergency circumstances caused by the continuing COVID-19 outbreak in New York State and the nation, and consistent with the Governor of New York's recent executive order suspending statues of limitation in legal matters, I direct that, effective immediately and until further order, no papers shall be accepted for filing by a county clerk or a court in any matter of a type not included on the list of essential matters attached as Exh. A. This directive applies to both paper and electronic filings.

Follow the link above to find a list of essential matters, most of which focus on the protection of the life, safety, and well-being of people.

The consequences of this Order are profound. For example, the Suffolk County and Nassau County clerks were both operating on a limited basis, but were still operating. The State's electronic court filing system was still accepting filings which enabled parties to continue litigating so long as it didn't require judicial intervention. New York County's online recording system, ACRIS, was still accepting electronic filings. Based on the wording of this Order, all of that ends today.

Despite this Order, Lieb at Law will proceed with our litigation matters to the maximum extent possible - as long as it doesn't require judicial intervention, we will push forward.

Look for a blog from Steven Siliato later today detailing the effects this Order will have on real estate transactions. Title examination? Race notice recording? GAP title insurance?



Governor Cuomo Issues Statewide Moratorium on Commercial and Residential Evictions and Foreclosures

Governor Cuomo has consolidated the patchwork of local foreclosure and eviction laws bubbling up in the wake of the COVID-19 quarantines - and it's a big one.

There shall be no enforcement of either an an eviction of any tenant, residential or commercial, or a foreclosure of any residential or commercial property for a period of ninety days. 

Ninety days from the date of the Order puts us out to June 18, 2020.

One noteworthy aspect of this Order is its application to both residential and commercial properties. 

It is vital to note, however, that this does not mean you cannot be in default of your rent or mortgage for the ninety day period. It simply states that there shall be no enforcement of evictions or foreclosures. If you are delinquent on your rent or mortgage during the term of this order, your landlord or lender could commence an eviction or foreclosure proceeding after the order expires. 

The interplay of this Executive Order with Executive Order 202.9 (see our prior blog about that, here) creates an opportunity for borrowers to leverage a forbearance with their lender ensuring that they are not delinquent on their mortgage on June 18, 2020. 


Saturday, March 21, 2020

NYS Mortgage Relief Plans Becomes Clearer, BUT Not Enough

On March 21, 2020, the Governor issued NYS Executive Order 202.9, which provides, in pertinent part, as follows:
Subdivision two of Section 39 of the Banking Law is hereby modified to provide that it shall be deemed an unsafe and unsound business practice if, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, any bank which is subject to the jurisdiction of the Department shall not grant a forbearance to any person or business who has a financial hardship as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic for a period of ninety days... The Superintendent of the Department of Financial Services shall ensure under reasonable and prudent circumstances that any licensed or regulated entities provide to any consumer in the State of New York an opportunity for a forbearance of payments for a mortgage for any person or entity facing a financial hardship due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Superintendent shall promulgate emergency regulations to require that the application for such forbearance be made widely available for consumers, and such application shall be granted in all reasonable and prudent circumstances solely for the period of such emergency. 
While a cursory reading shows that mortgage help is on the way, many uncertainties remain, including:

  • What does subject to the jurisdiction of the Department mean in the Order? Specifically, there are two charting systems for banks; federal and state. The Federal Office of the Comptroller of the Currency controls federally chartered banks pursuant to the National Bank Act. Generally, you can tell that a bank is federally chartered because it has the initials N.A. after its name. As a result, NYS doesn't have jurisdiction over federally chartered banks so how does this work if you have a loan through a federal bank like many NYS residents do?
  • When is the Superintendent promulgating emergency regulations and how are consumers going to understand those regulations if attorneys at law were not labeled as essential services under the quarantine and therefore are becoming less available by the minute? Yes, some law firms are open and working remotely, but for how long with many clerks' offices closed and all court deadlines tolled (yesterday's Executive Order 202.8), including "any specific time limit for the commencement, filing, or service of any legal action, notice, motion, or other process or proceeding."
  • By adding the words business & entity, is it intended that this applies to both residential and commercial property?
  • Is there a limit on the amount of the mortgage for this to be applicable?
  • After the forbearance is over, what happens to the money deferred (i.e., back end balloon, recapitalized, ballooned immediately, something else)?
  • Will the Superintendent of DFS be answering these questions or someone else; plus, will the answers be part of a regulation or just advisory? 
Please don't misunderstand this post. We 100% support the quarantine and also support the forbearance. Instead, this blog is designed to prevent further hardship to the vulnerable who take a leap of faith on their mortgage without first researching facts.

Get facts before you act and the facts aren't out yet - so, CONTINUE PAYING YOUR MORTGAGE for now.

Friday, March 20, 2020

NYS, FHA, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Mortgage Relief Plans Do Not Automatically Waive Mortgage Payments

On March 19, 2020, Governor Cuomo announced a 90-day Mortgage Relief Plan ("Plan") for New York State mortgage borrowers. New York State mortgage servicers are directed to provide 90-day mortgage relief to borrowers affected by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). The Plan aims to provide the following relief:
  • Waiving mortgage payments based on financial hardship;
  • No negative reporting to credit bureaus;
  • Grace period for loan modification;
  • No late payment fees or online payment fees; and
  • Postponing or suspending foreclosures.
While the Plan does bring immediate relief to homeowners affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19), the Plan does not simply waive mortgage payments due in the next 90 days. In his press conference, Governor Cuomo clarified, "We're not exempting people from the mortgage payments. We're just adjusting the mortgage to include those payments on the back end."

Currently, specific procedures on how to apply and/or how to qualify under the Plan is yet to be published, so stay tuned. Until then, borrowers should retain counsel to apply and negotiate with their mortgage lender or servicer for a forbearance plan to prevent incurring interest and fees for missed payments.

Mortgage relief plans are also in place for FHA, Fannie Mae, and Freddie Mac mortgages. Similar to New York State's Plan, however, borrowers should be aware that the mortgage payments are not automatically waived nor placed on hold and they should retain counsel to apply and negotiate with their mortgage servicer immediately.


Remote (Mail Away) Real Estate Closings are Here - Governor Issues Order

NYS' Governor Cuomo has ordered the permissibility of video notarization through April 18, 2020 as follows:

"Any notarial act that is required under New York State law is authorized to be performed utilizing audio-video technology provided that the following conditions are met:

  • The person seeking the Notary's services, if not personally known to the Notary, must present valid photo ID to the Notary during the video conference, not merely transmit it prior to or after;
  • The video conference must allow for direct interaction between the person and the Notary (e.g. no pre-recorded videos of the person signing);
  • The person must affirmatively represent that he or she is physically situated in the State of New York;
  • The person must transmit by fax or electronic means a legible copy of the signed document directly to the Notary on the same date it was signed;
  • The Notary may notarize the transmitted copy of the document and transmit the same back to the person; and
  • The Notary may repeat the notarization of the original signed document as of the date of execution provided the Notary receives such original signed document together with the electronically notarized copy within thirty days after the date of execution." 
Now, real estate brokers / salespersons / attorneys / loan officers, and the like, should get to work - we have real estate closings to get done!

Thank you Governor Cuomo for hearing our requests. 

NYS legislature should vote to make this permanent by passing S4352B as we discussed in 5 Real Estate Laws to Know in These Times.  

Thursday, March 19, 2020

60-Day Moratorium on Foreclosures and Evictions for FHA, Fannie Mae, and Freddie Mac Mortgages

On March 18, 2020, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) authorized the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) to implement a 60-day moratorium on foreclosures and evictions for single family homeowners with FHA-backed mortgages. Similarly, the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) also directed Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to suspend foreclosures and evictions for single family mortgages for at least 60 days. These moratoriums were intended to curb the effects of the coronavirus (COVID-19) on homeowners and in connection with the proclamation of the COVID-19 outbreak as a national emergency.

The 60-day moratorium for FHA, Fannie Mae, and Freddie Mac mortgages took effect on March 18, 2020. For FHA mortgages, the moratorium applies to all FHA Title II Single Family forward and Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (reverse) mortgage programs and covers the initiation of foreclosures up to completion of foreclosures in process. Evictions from properties secured by FHA, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac single family mortgages are also on hold for 60 days.

In addition to HUD and FHFA moratoriums, all evictions and foreclosures are indefinitely suspended in the counties of Nassau County and Suffolk County.

Coronavirus Family/Sick Leave Bill Signed Into Law

On March 18, 2020, President Trump Signed The Families First Coronavirus Response Act into law. The new law contains several modifications from the original bill passed by the House. Employers must immediately draft policies and train human resources employees to implement the new law. In addition, Employers must post a Notice in the workplace as detailed below.

Here is a summary of key provisions of the new law that apply to employers/employees:

1) Emergency Family and Medical Leave Expansion Act

Effective Dates: April 2, 2020 – December 31, 2020.

Qualified Employers/Employees: Applies to employers with less than 500 employees for all employees who have been employed for at least 30 calendar days.

Reason for Leave: The qualifying reason for leave is limited to an employee who is "unable to work (or telework) due to a need for leave to care for the son or daughter under 18 years of age of such employee if the school or place of care has been closed, or the child care provider of such son or daughter is unavailable due to a "public health emergency."

Amount of Pay (tax credits are available to employers): The first 10 days of leave are unpaid (employee may substitute accrued vacation, personal or sick leave). For the following 10 additional weeks, the employer must compensate the employee at a rate of no less than two-third's of the employee's regular rate of pay. However, such pay is capped at $200 per day and $10,000 total.

Job ProtectionPosition is protected until return from leave unless employer, who employs 25 or fewer employees, eliminates position due to a downturn in economic conditions as a result of the Coronavirus. However, employers would still have to make "reasonable efforts" to restore employee to the same or equivalent position.

Exemptions: The Act provides authority to the Department of Labor to exclude health care providers, emergency responders and employers with less than 50 employees where the "viability of the business as a going concern" would be jeopardized.

2) Emergency Paid Sick Leave Act

·         Effective Dates: April 2, 2020 – December 31, 2020

·         Qualified Employer/Employee: Covers all employers with less than 500 employees for all employees regardless of length of employment.

·         Reasons for Leave: Employee may take leave under this Act, if unable to work (or telework) for any of the following reasons:
  • The employee is subject to federal, state or local quarantine as a result of the Coronavirus;
  • The employee has been advised by a health care provide to self-quarantine as a result of the Coronavirus;
  •  The employee is experiencing symptoms of the Coronavirus and is seeking a medical diagnosis;
  •  The employee is caring for an individual who is subject to an order described in Section 1, or advised as described in Section 2;
  • To care for a child whose school is closed or his/her regular child care provider is unavailable;
  • The employee is experiencing any other substantially similar condition specified by the Secretary of Health and Human Services in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Labor. 
Amount of Pay (tax credits are available to employers)Employers must pay all employees who qualify under reasons 1-3 above at the employee's regular rate of pay, capped at $511 per day and $5,110 total. However, if employee's leave is a result of reasons 4-6 above, employer must only compensate employee at 2/3 of his/her regular rate of pay, capped at $200 per day and $2,000 total.

Exemptions: Health care providers and emergency responders.

Wednesday, March 18, 2020

Coronavirus Frustrates the Purpose of a Sit Down Restaurant's Lease, No?

Can a tenant terminate a lease because their purpose was frustrated?

We are getting contacted by restaurateurs who want to get out of their lease because they have to close their sit down / dine in operation and only offer delivery / take out, but can they?

The appellate courts have held that "[i]n order to invoke this defense, 'the frustrated purpose must be so completely the basis of the contract that, as both parties understood, without it, the transaction would have made little sense.'"

On that holding, the doctrine of frustration of purpose seems like it may get a restauranteur out of their lease.

In that holding, an office was able to terminate their lease because the CO didn't permit office use. Through analogizing to where an office tenant utilized frustration of purpose to get out of a lease because of an "inability to lawfully use the premises" based upon the CO, it's possible that a restaurateur can utilize the doctrine of frustration of purpose to terminate the lease where the purpose of the lease was to offer sit-down dining and now the same is not allowed as a matter of law.

However, appellate courts have also held that "a frustration of purpose defense 'is not available when the event preventing performance was foreseeable.'"

Expect a lot of restaurants to make this argument going forward and the issue of foreseeability will be everything if it gets to a trial. 

Attention Insurance Companies - DFS Puts More on Your Plate

The Department of Financial Services' Circular No. 5 (2020) is making its rounds and requires all entities regulated by DFS to submit a COVID-19 Preparedness Plan. All regulated entities are required to submit the plan on or before Thursday, April 9, 2020.

DFS is requiring the Preparedness Plan to account for both operational and financial risks. On the operational side, the plan should include:
  1. Preventative measures tailored to the entity’s specific profile and operations to mitigate the risk of operational disruption, which should include identifying the impact on consumers and vendors;
  2. A documented strategy addressing the impact of the outbreak in stages, so that the entity’s efforts can be appropriately scaled, consistent with the effects of a particular stage of the outbreak;
  3. Assessment of all facilities, systems, policies and procedures necessary to continue critical operations and services if members of the staff are unavailable for longer periods or are working off-site, including the effectiveness and security of remote access;
  4. Employee protection strategies, critical to sustaining an adequate workforce during the outbreak, including employee awareness and steps that employees can take to reduce the likelihood of contracting COVID-19;[1]
  5. Assessment of the preparedness of critical third-party service providers and suppliers;
  6. Development of a communication plan to effectively communicate with consumers and vendors, and to deliver important news and instructions to employees, along with establishing forums for questions to be asked and addressed;
  7. Testing of the plan to ensure that the policies, processes, and procedures are effective; and
  8. Governance and oversight of the plan, including identifying the critical members of a response team, to ensure ongoing review and updates to the plan, including the tracking of relevant information from government sources and the entity’s own monitoring program.
On the financial risk side, the plan should include: 
  1. Assessment of the overall impact of COVID-19 on reserve requirements, consumers’ ability to make timely premium payments, and resources required to timely process claims;
  2. Assessment of the credit risk of counterparties and business sectors impacted by COVID-19;
  3. Assessment of the credit exposure to counterparties and business sectors impacted by COVID-19 arising from investing and other financial transactions;
  4. Assessment of the scope and the size of admitted assets or other investments adversely impacted by COVID-19 that currently are in, or potentially may move to, non-performing/delinquent status, including consideration of stress testing and/or sensitivity analysis of such assets or investments;
  5. Assessment of the valuation of assets and investments that may be, or have been, impacted by COVID-19; and
  6. Assessment of the overall impact of COVID-19 on earnings, profits, capital, and liquidity.
A full copy of Circular No. 5 (2020) can be found HERE

If it seems that DFS is just here to put more on your plate when you need it least, DFS has also issued a temporary COVID-19 relief order which improves the ability of banks and insurers to operate remotely. A full copy of the temporary relief order can be found HERE. 



Nassau and Suffolk County Evictions and Foreclosure Auctions on Hold

Effective 5:00 pm on March 16, 2020, no eviction orders shall be signed and no foreclosure auctions shall be held in all Nassau and Suffolk Courts. The hold is in effect until rescinded and it is in accordance with the protocol put into place by the Chief Administrative Judge of New York State Courts due to COVID-19.

You can see the Nassau County Administrative Order here and the Suffolk County Administrative Order here.

Courts Are Closed | Lieb at Law is Working For You

The Coronavirus is Affecting Us All
The spread of the novel coronavirus, COVID-19, has resulted in the disruption of everyone's daily lives, including the legal world. However, Lieb at Law is still operating at 100% capacity and working for you.
 
Lieb at Law is Fully Operational
Lieb at Law is a fully digital law firm. Thanks to our existing cloud systems, our staff is operating at full capacity from outside of the office. All attorneys, paralegals and support staff have full access to our telephone, case management, and file management systems. Because of our ability to work remotely, our office is currently not physically staffed. Please do not come to our office without an appointment. If you have any questions about your case, transaction, or any other legal matter, please contact us through phone or email and we will attempt to immediately assist you.

Lieb is Leading The Way on Remote Closings 
Real Estate Transactions (Closings) are moving forward and Lieb at Law is leading the move to fully remote closings, including requests to our government to change laws, rules, and regulations to facilitate remote notarizations (the only time that you currently need to see another human in a real estate deal). Our attorneys and paralegals are using every tool available to ensure closings occur on time, without cancelation. Our attorneys and paralegals will contact you to advise you exactly how your closing will proceed, and when.

Lieb is Still Litigating
The Court system is shutting down all non-emergency functions. New rules and procedures are being implemented every day and Lieb at Law is up to date with every change. Depositions, trials, mediations, arbitrations, court conferences, and other in-person proceedings are being adjourned administratively by the courts beyond April 30, 2020. If you had a legal proceeding scheduled to occur before April 30, 2020, it likely has already been adjourned. We are contacting our clients to inform them of these adjournments, but if you are unsure if you should appear at any scheduled proceeding, please contact us ahead of time to confirm its status. 

While the Courts are closed, we are still litigating. Discovery demands, and responses, motions, negotiations, and other proceedings that do not require in-person interactions are continuing. We will work diligently to ensure that your case is minimally affected by the Court closures. In fact, this is a great opportunity for settlement and we are working diligently to resolve cases outside of the court system.

Lieb Knows Employment Law
Lieb at Law attorneys are tracking the development of employment laws that are accompanying mass quarantines and the shuttering of businesses. Whether you are an employer or an employee, it is important that you know and understand your rights and obligations. We can answer all your employment questions, and we encourage you to follow our blog (blog.liebatlaw.com), call or email for all of the latest news and developments. 

Lieb is in Bankruptcy Law
We relaunched our bankruptcy practice (previously operated during the Great Recession) to combat the needs of our clients, particularly businesses that are facing revenue shortfalls and must restructure their debts to survive the quarantines. Contact us for a consultation should you or your business have questions about a Chapter 7, 11 or 13.

Lieb Leads the Way
We've been ready the entire time for this. We are agile and leverage technology like no other law firm around. Lieb at Law has always been at the forefront of the evolving legal landscape. During the Great Recession and the foreclosure crisis, we rose to the top and differentiated ourselves as a leader by knowing more about the new laws and regulations than anyone else. In fact, we trained the legal and real estate brokerage industries through our continuing education classes. Our talented attorneys and paralegals are dedicated to remaining the first to know and understand changes in laws that accompany tumultuous times. In 2020, Lieb at Law is even more capable. Whatever changes the novel coronavirus brings, you can trust that Lieb at Law will be leading the way with legal solutions. 

Please be safe and take all necessary precautions to protect yourself and your loved ones.