- There is a Coronavirus quarantine (voluntary or mandatory), which closes your property;
- Tenant is forced to close;
- Being closed, tenant makes no revenue or limited revenue from working from home;
- Without revenue, tenant defaults on rent;
- Without rent, landlord is now at risk of foreclosure and bankruptcy; and
- Consequently, landlord will need to enforce its lease to stave off foreclosure and bankruptcy.
If landlord seeks to enforce the lease, tenant will likely counterclaim for a rent abatement (reduction or elimination of rent) because of its inability to utilize the property.
Who is going to win?
The result likely depends on whether the lease has a clause called a "Force Majeure" or "Non-Performance" or something like that.
This clause may read something like this:
The Parties shall not be liable for any failure, delay or interruption in performing such Party's respective obligations hereunder due to causes or conditions beyond the control of such Party. Further, such Party shall not be liable unless the failure, delay or interruption shall result from the failure on the part of such Party to use reasonable care to prevent or reasonable efforts to cure such failure, delay or interruption.
"Causes or conditions beyond the control of such Party", shall mean and include acts of God ... war ... acts of third parties for which such Party is not responsible ... or any other condition or circumstances, whether similar to or different from the foregoing (it being agreed that the foregoing enumeration shall not limit or be characteristic of such conditions or circumstances) which is beyond the control of such Party or which could not be prevented or remedied by reasonable effort and at reasonable expense.If the clause exists, the landlord has a shot at victory, but without the clause, the tenant will likely prevail, at least in part.
If the clause exists, the landlord's victory is dependent on the specific language of the clause. That is because of the rule that "[o]rdinarily, only if the force majeure clause specifically includes the event that actually prevents a party's performance will that party be excused." As a result, the language of the clause is everything.
Assuming the sample clause exists in the lease, here are the impending battlegrounds for ensuing litigation on enforcing the lease:
- Is Coronavirus an act of god?
- If yes, is a quarantine resulting from Coronavirus also an act of god?
- If no, is a quarantine resulting from Coronavirus an act of third-parties?
- If yes, did landlord undertake efforts to prevent the quarantine at the property?
- If yes, were those efforts reasonable?
- If no, did landlord undertake efforts to remedy the Coronavirus spread at the property?
- If yes, were those efforts reasonable?
We know that these lawsuits are coming and they are going to come fast. These lawsuits came after 9/11 - see One World Trade Center LLC v. Cantor Fitzgerald Securities. Only this time they are going to be everywhere because unlike 9/11, Coronavirus is everywhere.
Landlords - now is the time to ascertain your rights, determine your enforcement plan and create a contingency strategy. If you cannot enforce your lease, it's time to contact your lender and seek a forbearance (temporary reprieve from mortgage payments to avoid foreclosure). Doing nothing will create a strong likelihood of foreclosure and bankruptcy. It's time to act.
