Supreme Court Permits Biden's Healthcare Vaccine Mandate

All healthcare facilities that receive Medicare and/or Medicaid funding must ensure that their covered saff are vaccinated against COVID after the Supreme Court stayed injunctions that were preventing the implementation of the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Interim Final Rule.

To be clear, the rule does not cover those healthcare workers with medical and religious exemptions and those who telework full-time. 

In permitting the mandate to be implemented, the Supreme Court found exactly what it said was lacking in the OSHA vaccine mandate case, to wit: specific language in a statute authorizing Biden's Executive Branch to impose a mandate. 

According to the Court, the core mission of the Department of Health and Human Services "is to ensure that the healthcare providers who care for Medicare and Medicaid patients protect their patients’ health and safety." In fact, the Court found that “infection prevention and control program designed . . . to help prevent the development and transmission of communicable diseases and infections” are precisely within the Department's charge. 

In addressing its divergent opinions, between OSHA and Healthcare, the Supreme Court explained:

The challenges posed by a global pandemic do not allow a federal agency to exercise power that Congress has not conferred upon it. At the same time, such unprecedented circumstances provide no grounds for limiting the exercise of authorities the agency has long been recognized to have.

 

Supreme Court Stays OSHA Vaccine or Mask / Test Mandate

In staying the OSHA vaccine mandate, the Supreme Court wrote "that the Secretary lacked authority to impose the mandate."

As the Court explained "permitting OSHA to regulate the hazards of daily life—simply because most Americans have jobs and face those same risks while on the clock—would significantly expand OSHA’s regulatory authority without clear congressional authorization." The problem, as set forth by the Supreme Court, was that the mandate was indiscriminately applied. However, and to be CLEAR, the problem was not that it was unconstitutional, violated federalism, or anything else. 

The Supreme Court did not rule that either:

• The Federal Government cannot issue a nationwide vaccine mandate; or 
• Biden's Executive Branch cannot issue a nationwide vaccine mandate. 

Instead, it ruled that Congress did not grant OSHA the power to issue a nationwide vaccine mandate for all employers with 100 or more workers. 

In fact, the concurring opinion set it simply, "that power rests with the States and Congress, not OSHA."  

That is not to say OSHA has no power to regulate workplaces with respect to COVID. The Court carefully said OSHA does have power by writing that it was "not [] say[ing] OSHA lacks authority to regulate occupation-specific risks related to COVID–19. Where the virus poses a special danger because of the particular features of an employee’s job or workplace, targeted regulations are plainly permissible." As such, the Supreme Court invited a new mandate to be issued by OSHA and suggested that it targets COVID researchers or risks associated with crowded / cramped environments. 

As the concurring opinion explained, this case was decided on the Major Questions Doctrine, "'[w]e expect Congress to speak clearly' if it wishes to assign to an executive agency decisions 'of vast economic and political significance.'" Here, Congress did not clearly grant OSHA the power to do make this indiscriminate mandate. 

The fact that they didn't doesn't mean that they can't. Should Congress authorize OSHA now? 

NYS Eviction Moratorium Is Over January 15, 2022, ... Sort Of

The NYS eviction moratorium will end on January 15, 2022. 

But, after January 15, 2022, landlords are still going to face big obstacles if they want to evict residential tenants because of the Emergency Rental Assistance Program ("ERAP"). 

To evict under ERAP, a landlord is required to demonstrate that their tenant: 

1. Intentionally caused significant damage to the property;
2. Engaged in nuisance behavior or behavior that poses a safety hazard to others (landlord will have to provide specific instances and show that the behavior occurred more than one time);
3. Tenant owes rent prior from to the pandemic that was not covered by ERAP funding; 
4. Owes rent after receipt of ERAP funding; or 
5. Tenant doesn't qualify for ERAP because:
• Income is above 80 percent of the area medium income ("AMI") for federal program or Income is above 120 percent for NYS program;
• A member of the household did not experience significant costs or a financial hardship due to COVID;
• Tenant has paid rent and there are no rental arrears owed on or after March 13, 2020; or
• The household is not at risk of homelessness. 

Without making the above demonstration, tenants that applied for ERAP will be safe from eviction for another year. 

Landlords should therefore consider this checklist carefully before proceeding. While the moratorium is over on Saturday, landlords are still prevented from evicting many tenants and if they do evict, their costs are going to increase to prove that they can evict in the face of ERAP.  

NY Real Estate Salesperson & Brokers | Updates To Continuing Education Requirements in 2022

If you are a NY Licensed Real Estate Salesperson, Broker, or Associate Broker - CE Requirements are changing in 2022. There are new topics required for license renewal.  Lieb School is in the final stages of getting the newest topic of Cultural Competency licensed and will update the course catalog in the next few weeks. We have all other topics available on our course catalog. 

What are the Continuing Education requirements for real estate agents in NY?

As of 7/1/2021. All licensees must receive 22.5 hours of continuing education every 2 years to stay licensed. NY Real Estate Brokers and Salespersons that were previously exempt from Continuing Education will no longer be exempt and will need to have completed the full CE requirements, including the new subjects prior to submitting a renewal on or after 7/1/2021. The 22.5 hours must include:

• 3 hours on fair housing &/or discrimination
• 2.5 hours on ethical business practices
• 1 hour on recent legal matters governing the practice of real estate brokers and salespersons in New York, which may include statutes, laws, regulations, rules, codes, Department of State Opinions and Decisions, and Court Decisions
• 1 hour on the law of agency (2 hours in the initial 2-year cycle)

As of 4/20/2022: All licensees must receive 22.5 hours of continuing education every 2 years to stay licensed. The 22.5 hours must include the following topics:

• 3 hours on fair housing &/or discrimination
• 2.5 hours on ethical business practices
• 1 hour on recent legal matters governing the practice of real estate brokers and salespersons in New York, which may include statutes, laws, regulations, rules, codes, Department of State Opinions and Decisions, and Court Decisions
• 1 hour on the law of agency (2 hours in the initial 2-year cycle)
• 2 hours on Cultural Competency

As of 6/19/2022: All licensees must receive 22.5 hours of continuing education every 2 years to stay licensed. The 22.5 hours must include the following topics:

• 3 hours on fair housing &/or discrimination
• 2.5 hours on ethical business practices
• 1 hour on recent legal matters governing the practice of real estate brokers and salespersons in New York, which may include statutes, laws, regulations, rules, codes, Department of State Opinions and Decisions, and Court Decisions
• 1 hour on the law of agency (2 hours in the initial 2-year cycle)
• 2 hours on Implicit Bias Awareness and Understanding
• 2 hours on Cultural Competency

New Rules Protecting Federal Employees from Employment Discrimination Published

Since 2021, federal employees have been protected from workplace discrimination by the Elijah E. Cummings Federal Employee Anti-Discrimination Act of 2020, which added protections, notice, and reporting to the No FEAR Act.

To implement the Cummings Act, the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) published proposed rules on January 6, 2022, which are currently in the public comment period. 

These rules include:  

• Whistleblower and retaliation protections;
• Notice of findings of intentional acts of discrimination to be made on a publically accessible internet page;
• Agencies to submit annual reports to the Director of OPM;
• Agencies to submit disciplinary action reports to Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC);
• Agency employees found to have intentionally committed discriminatory acts, including retaliation, will have notations of the discriminatory acts added to the employee's personnel record;
• New public disclosure obligations; and
• Federal agencies to add new trainings for all employees about their rights and remedies under law.

The comment period ends on 2/07/2022 and then, these rules will be finalized to become effective.